Design and Analysis of Solar LED Street Light Based on Single Chip Microcomputer

Along with the rapid development of urban roads, people's demand for high-tech and energy-saving optical circuit lighting is increasing day by day. As a typical green lighting source, solar LED street lamps have broad application prospects, and should be combined with factors such as solar energy resources, climatic conditions and control methods. The design of solar LED street lights ensures that energy-saving and reliable work of solar LED street lamps meets people's requirements for high-performance lighting.

With the continuous consumption of traditional energy sources, people are paying more attention to the application of new energy sources, especially for renewable and clean solar energy. As a kind of application field of solar energy, solar street lamps have received increasing attention with the development of urban construction and transportation. The lamps for solar street lamps use white LED lighting with more environmental protection and energy saving. The control part of the street lamp in this design adopts STC12C5410AD single chip as the core, and the peripheral circuit includes voltage acquisition, load output control, detection, LED display and keyboard.

1. Solar street light system

The solar street light system belongs to an independent solar photovoltaic power generation system, which is composed of a solar panel, a battery, a lamp, a control box, a street light pole and the like. The core composition of the solar street light system is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 The core components of a solar street light system

The system consists of a solar cell array (including battery brackets), a street light control box (with battery packs, controllers, etc.), LED lighting heads and street light poles. The lamp head portion adopts 1W power LED white light integrated on the circuit board to arrange a dot matrix with a certain pitch as a planar light source. LED is known as the new light source in the 21st century. It is the fourth generation light source after incandescent lamp, fluorescent lamp and high pressure gas lamp. It has energy saving, high luminous efficiency, long life, no stroboscopic, DC power supply, easy control, safety and reliability. Strong and so on. The lamp control box body is made of stainless steel, which is beautiful and durable. The lead-acid battery and the corresponding charge-discharge control components are arranged inside the box. The charging and discharging controller and the core design link must consider the function and cost, and the function has light control. Time control, over-discharge protection, over-charge protection and reverse connection protection, etc., to achieve better cost performance.

2, solar street light controller

The solar controller is used in solar photovoltaic systems to coordinate the work of solar panels, batteries, AC and DC loads, and is the most important component in the photovoltaic system, maintaining the safe, reliable and efficient operation of the entire solar photovoltaic system. The operating parameters of the photovoltaic power system are subjected to real-time high-speed acquisition, and the single-channel or multi-channel photovoltaic cell array is controlled to be turned on and off by a software program according to a certain control law.

The solar cell made by the principle of photovoltaic effect receives solar radiation energy and converts it into electric energy output during the day, and is stored in the battery pack through the charge and discharge controller. When the light is dark at night, the charge and discharge controller automatically detects the luminosity and controls the battery pair. The lamp cap is discharged. In order to protect the battery and avoid over-discharge, after the battery is discharged for 8.5 hours, the charge and discharge controller automatically operates to switch and the battery discharge ends. This controller can automatically identify 12V and 24V batteries, can scientifically manage the battery, and can also indicate the operating status of battery overvoltage and undervoltage, and has two load outputs. The rated current of each load can reach 5A, the two-way load can be set to a variety of working modes such as time-division lighting, simultaneous lighting or individual timing according to actual needs. The controller can also realize short-circuit and over-current protection functions for the load, and has high performance. Intelligent and automated.

3. Planning and design of road lighting

3.1 Dip design

In order to allow solar cells to receive more solar radiant energy in a year and improve solar energy utilization, it is necessary to combine the local dimensions to properly set the optimal tilt angle of the solar cell modules.

3.2 Windproof design

In the design of solar street lamp system, wind-resistant design is a problem that needs special attention. The wind-resistant design mainly includes two parts: the wind-resistant design of the lamp post and the wind-resistant design of the battery component bracket.

3.3 Lighting arrangement

Road lighting design should be based on the characteristics of the site and the road, combined with lighting requirements, choose high pole lighting or conventional lighting. The arrangement of conventional lighting fixtures can be divided into five ways: double-sided staggered arrangement, double-sided symmetric arrangement, single-sided arrangement, central symmetric arrangement and lateral suspension arrangement. Which one to choose, combined with actual selection, when using conventional lighting method It should be selected according to the width of the road, the form of the cross section and the lighting requirements.

3.4 Lighting design

For modern society, urban road construction is the key to urban construction. The colorful and radiant lights at night are the symbol of modern urban economic development and civilization progress. Therefore, road lighting and road construction need to be synchronized. In planning and design, according to the width of the road and the condition of the green belt, single-row, double-row or single-arm and double-arm lighting should be adopted. The lamps with certain color, height, shape and light pole should be coordinated with the surrounding environment to make the road lighting spectacular. Bright, truly become a city highlight and tourist attractions.

4 Conclusion

The controller system of the solar LED street lamp is based on the STC12C5410AD single-chip microcomputer, which achieves effective management of the battery and the load operation, improves the utilization rate of the solar panel, prolongs the service life of the battery, and can prevent the problem caused by the line. The occurrence of accidents has the characteristics of low cost and reliable design, and has high application and promotion value. Solar street lights are easy to operate, reliable, easy to use, energy-saving and environmentally friendly. They fully demonstrate the advantages of solar energy utilization. They are especially suitable for use in remote areas, pastoral areas and some mountainous areas. Solar street lights can be deployed in urban and suburban roads and squares. Applications will surely receive more and more attention.

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