How to find a shortcut to V2X communication?

In the near future, cars on the road can live in harmony with V2V and V2X technologies. The car and the car are unaware of each other, and the traffic lights directly direct the vehicle with digital signals. According to information from all directions, cars can make the best and safest driving decisions.

Unlike the mobile Internet, V2V and V2X mainly use DSRC (Dedicated Short Range CommunicaTIon) without going through the cloud background. At present, the United States has set a dedicated short-range communication bandwidth for the Internet of Vehicles, 75 MHz wide, and the frequency is about 5.9 GHz. At the same time, the wireless standard IEEE802.11p, which is applied to automobiles, has been supplemented with specifications for security and privacy.

However, choosing a radio frequency is still a complicated task. On the one hand, the car on the road needs to establish contact with multiple “points”. When a car drives to the intersection, it not only communicates with the vehicles in all directions, but also communicates with the red lights. It is a multi-threaded work. On the other hand, radio spectrum resources are limited. At the peak of traffic, there is sometimes only 10 megahertz per vehicle. The information transmission speed is like the speed of the four rings after 7:00 in the morning, and it is delayed due to the blockage.

How do you choose the radio frequency for each car and communicate with other cars and infrastructure around you? This is a question of skill to ask the bumblebee for humility.

The solution proposed by a computer engineering expert named Alexander Wyglinski in Massachusetts is "cognitive radio." This type of radio can scan the wireless spectrum and select the available frequencies to communicate externally, while ensuring that short-wave communications to other nearby vehicles are not interrupted or interfered with.

In the United States, the Federal Communications Association allows unlicensed businesses to use some of the free radio spectrum, such as those originally stored for television broadcast communications. In addition to the given 75 MHz, cognitive radio will take advantage of the free spectrum of different cities.

As for how radio devices "cognize", it is necessary to mention an animal - the bumblebee. Alexander Wyglinski has two colleagues from the biological and biotechnology department of WPI. They found that the logic of the bumblebee looking for nectar and the car to find the available frequency band is similar, so the entire team has written algorithms based on logic to find low-noise radio frequencies.

Just as a bumblebee prefers the flower with the most nectar, cognitive radios also look for the right channel from the highest signal frequency. When the bumblebee finds a flower and the nectar has been taken away by other bees, it will quickly find another flower of similar color shape, or simply find a different flower. Although there are not many nectar, but away I am closer. When the bumblebee collects honey, it must master the ability to learn, remember, and balance the flight cost and nectar harvest. In different situations, it can instantly change the optimal choice of decision-making. Researchers from the hornet have experienced thousands of generations of skills to gain, Get to a series of learning models, handed over to cognitive radio.

Of course, Alexander and his two small partners have also followed the communication strategies of other insects, such as ants. However, the ants use the tentacles to share a large amount of information with the encountered companions, and the information exchange objects are random. Only the bumblebee can collect information independently to make a complete logical judgment, and the information transmission behavior is closer to the car on the road.

At present, Alexander Wyglinski's team received a grant from the National Science Foundation for a three-year period worth $300,000 to continue their research on the Bumblebee cognitive radio research for future use.

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