Seeking a variety of new Ethernet versions to promote Ethernet development

The future of Ethernet now seems to be no longer just a pure increase in network speed. The development path that engineers have drawn for this ubiquitous network protocol is to find a variety of new Ethernet versions to serve a variety of different applications. .

Seeking a variety of new Ethernet versions to promote Ethernet development

In order to meet the increasing demand of cloud data centers, the 25Gbps Ethernet standard has entered the planning stage. Experts have begun to discuss the 50Gbps specification for some types of traffic that will appear in the cloud in the next few years. As for some new requirements, such as high-speed Wi-Fi access points, the 2.5Gbps Ethernet standard may soon be developed. In addition to being used by the operator's backbone network, the latter can also be applied to in-vehicle application technology.

These efforts show that the increasing demand for Ethernet has exceeded the traditional enterprise LAN area. This means that Ethernet will solve more business problems instead of just running more bits on a single fiber or copper cable.

“The topics I hear most are diversity. Diversification of requirements, future diversification, etc.,” Ethernet Alliance Chairman John D'Ambrosia said at a one-day alliance meeting. "We are moving away from the slogan of a single 'Ethernet Everywhere' taste."

Here are a few new Ethernet technologies in the pipeline.

25G Ethernet

The 25Gbps standard looks like a retrogression because 40G and 100G Ethernet already exist. In reality, however, the specification is concerned with requirements rather than speed, specifically for servers in cloud data centers. According to Dell'Oro Group analyst Alan Weckel, Google and Microsoft are the biggest buyers of Ethernet today, mainly because their cloud data center operations require a large amount of data exchange between servers.

For 25G Ethernet, the key is that many components have been developed: because the 100G Ethernet standard is aggregated with four 25Gbps. So the components used in the two technologies can be mass produced, driving the price down.

Aggregating with 25Gbps provides a logical way for network architects to build data centers by connecting servers to 25Gbps switches, which then aggregate these connections into 100G uplinks.

Weckel believes that 25G building blocks will become more important in the era of cloud data centers. It allows network engineers to reuse the technology as their needs and speed increase.

“So far, all cloud projects are still in the development zone, but as the cloud matures, real business models will emerge, and you will have to explain to Wall Street why you spend millions on each data center. The dollar, by that time, reuse will become very important," Weckel said.

In contrast, 40G Ethernet is converged from four 10G Ethernet networks, D'Ambrosia said, and this technology is gaining popularity among cloud giants. They require a connection rate of more than 10G per server, and even some enterprises are starting to connect more servers at this rate.

Google, Microsoft and several major network vendors set up an organization in early July to promote 25Gbps and 50Gbps Ethernet standards. They said they couldn't just wait for IEEE to complete such standards. To this end, the IEEE also launched its own 25Gbps working group at the end of July last year and claimed to complete the standard in at least 18 months. D'Ambrosia said that he did not agree with such a timetable, but also expressed optimism. “The industry consensus is rapidly forming,” he said.

50G Ethernet

Work on the 50Gbps standard is also starting, and will be the next speed to connect to the data center server. Dell'Oro's Weckel believes that in the largest data centers in the next few years, servers and high-performance flash systems will drive demand for speeds beyond 25Gbps.

At the conference, participants were discussing whether a 50Gbps standard should be developed or a single channel 100Gbps system. Chris Cole, receiver engineering manager at Finisar, believes that the 50Gbps specification is easier to implement. He expects to see a 50Gbps standard product launch in 2016.

2.5G Ethernet

Although this rate does not sound fast, 2.5G Ethernet is enough for companies to use very fast Wi-Fi in their buildings. It was proposed as a special tool designed to help an enterprise's wired infrastructure keep up with the demand for edge networks formed by more and more wireless access points.

Kamal Dalmia, vice president of marketing at AquanTIa, said the latest Wi-Fi technology, IEEE 802.11ac, can reach speeds of more than 1 Gbps. But because such a large amount of traffic is going in the air, the precursor Ethernet that enterprises use to connect access points to their wired networks can become a bottleneck.

Damia and other attendees said that upgrading to 10G Ethernet provides plenty of bandwidth, but most companies don't have the right cables at hand to make such connections. The 2.5Gbps Ethernet can be implemented at a standard distance of 100 meters using the very common Category 5e and Category 6 cables, so users can use Gigabit Ethernet beyond the cost of new cables. .

AquanTIa is already producing chips for Ethernet devices running at 2.5Gbps or 5Gbps. The process of designing a 2.5Gbps Ethernet (and possibly 5Gbps capacity) standard is expected to be launched at a meeting of the IEEE next month.

400G Ethernet

Ethernet supporters have not given up on new and higher speeds. An IEEE working group has begun work on the development of the 400G Ethernet standard, which is currently expected to be completed in March 2017. This high-speed connection may be implemented using multiple 50Gbps or 100Gbps aggregations. Once the standard is completed, this ultra-high-speed technology will be used in the operator's core network.

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