New energy lithium battery positive and negative materials - Database & Sql Blog Articles
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Lithium battery materials, both positive and negative electrodes, play a crucial role in determining the performance and cost of batteries. The most commonly used positive electrode materials include lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganate, ternary materials (nickel-manganese-cobalt), and lithium iron phosphate. Among these, lithium iron phosphate is considered one of the most promising due to its long cycle life, high safety, and low cost. However, despite these advantages, China still faces challenges in producing high-purity electronic-grade lithium carbonate, which is essential for manufacturing lithium iron phosphate.
Currently, the primary raw material—electronic-grade lithium carbonate (with a purity over 99.5%)—is mainly imported from abroad. Domestic production of this material remains limited due to technical constraints in extracting and purifying lithium from both ore and salt lakes. As a result, Chinese manufacturers are heavily dependent on foreign suppliers, leading to a lack of pricing control and vulnerability to market fluctuations.
Technologically, China has made significant progress in lithium iron phosphate development, but it still lags behind in terms of innovation and leadership. Major global players like A123 (USA), Valence (USA), and Phostech (Canada) hold key patents, especially in carbon-coating and carbothermal reduction technologies. These patents restrict the growth of domestic companies and pose a potential threat due to high licensing fees.
To overcome these challenges, China must focus on three areas: accelerating domestic R&D and patent applications, strategically building around foreign patents, and strengthening research into battery structure design and control systems. This will help reduce dependency on foreign technology and improve competitiveness.
On the anode side, materials such as graphite, tin-based oxides, transition metal nitrides, and alloy-based materials are being explored. While carbon-based anodes are already commercialized, other types like nano-scale materials and tin-based compounds are still in the research phase.
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