Near Field Communication (NFC) How much do you know?
Near Field Communication (NFC) is a short-range wireless communication technology that can be used to pay for retail transactions and other digital exchange services. Many smartphones and some tablets are now equipped with near-field communication capabilities, and Japan and South Korea have deployed them extensively in transportation and small retail purchases many years ago. Europe, India and the United States are in the pilot phase of near-field communication payment services. The near field communication chip in the smartphone can be used to communicate with other devices with near field communication capabilities. The technology works in a bidirectional mode, allowing for bidirectional transmission of information. This means that the bank can send an electronic payment authorization to the merchant via a smart phone equipped with near field communication, and the merchant can send a receipt to the mobile phone through the near field communication payment terminal or a purchase coupon or other promotional activity available in the future. Near field communication smartphones can also be used to read electronic tags (a small NFC chip can be attached to the logo to transfer information) to exchange music and other data files. For example, the Samsung Galaxy S III smartphone uses its Android Beam feature to start Bluetooth data transmission using near field communication. How does near field communication work? The near field communication technology is based on radio frequency identification (RFID), adopts the ISO/IEC standard, applied for a patent in 1983, and was approved as an ISO/IEC standard in 2003. Nokia, Philips and Sony launched the Near Field Communication Forum in 2004 to promote the normative nature of near-field communication technologies and devices. More than 175 companies have joined the forum, including credit-issuing banks, wireless carriers and Mobile device manufacturer. Devices equipped with near field communication must communicate within 4 cm. Unlike some advertisements, there is no need for physical contact to share information. Put two devices containing near-field communication chips together and activate magnetic induction, similar to proximity cards or access cards used over the years. Once the two devices are successfully connected, they will exchange data through the unlicensed 13.56 MHz radio spectrum band (same spectrum as ultra-short-range RFID tags and contactless smart cards) at a relatively low transmission rate of 424 kbps. Near-field communication supports encryption, and devices must be close-range communication to further enhance security, because hackers are very unlikely to intercept radio signals under such short distance conditions. Near-field communication is more energy efficient than Bluetooth wireless technology. At present, there is a preliminary study in this area, which mainly studies how long the battery can support under the condition of continuous use of near field communication. The Near Field Communication Forum defines three modes of operation (PDF): P2P mode: Supports communication between two near field communication devices for information exchange and file sharing. Reader/writer mode: Enables near-field energy-enabled devices to read relevant information from posters or exhibition information electronic tags. Card emulaTIon: Near-field communication devices, like smart cards, allow users to pay for retail shopping and transportation. Application of near field communication and other related technologies in the United States Google Wallet uses a near-field communication mobile payment method. It was first applied in the US on the Sprint wireless network through the Nexus S smartphone in September 2011. Samsung launched the Galaxy S III smartphone in 2012 with near field communication and S Beam technology (based on Android Beam technology) to support data sharing. In addition, in 2012, Samsung introduced the Micro Near Field Communication TecTIle tag (programmable near field communication) that can be programmed and rewritten by near field communication devices. For example, you can program an electronic tag near the bedside and open the phone's music app whenever the phone is close. Near field communication tags can also be applied to billboards or kiosks, and smartphones or other functional devices can read information provided by billboards or kiosks in much the same way as QR codes. Many people have predicted that Apple's iPhone 5, which was launched in September 2012, will be equipped with near field communication, but this is not the case. Instead, it relies on Apple's Passbook app and the bar code displayed on the phone, and the merchant or airport check-in counter has an optical scanning terminal that can read the bar code. At the same time, when customers want to buy coffee and other goods, Starbucks and donut expert Dunkin'Donuts also rely on optical scanners to read the barcode on the smartphone display. In the application development of other mobile wallets in the United States, the joint ventures of AT&T, Verizon Wireless and T-Mobile completed payment in the near field communication terminal using nine smart phones equipped with near field communication in Salt Lake City and Austin in October 2012. Activities on near-field communications and mobile wallets continued to heat up in August, with more than a dozen major retailers forming the Mobile Payment Network (Merchant Customer Exchange (MCX), which includes Best Buy, Wal-Mart and the second-largest US retailer Target . Despite the participation of a certain size and influential retailer, the team expects that the mobile payment network will have a big impact on the growth of mobile wallet applications, but there is still no information on what payment technology MCX uses. Alternatives to other near field communication technologies have also emerged, such as the combination of bar codes and optical scanners used in Apple phones. Recently, US mobile payment company Square and Bank of America mobile pay-per-view service allow small retailers to use credit card readers attached to smartphones, which pass credit card data and receive authorization through the app. Customers can digitally sign on the smartphone touch screen. Analysts believe that the widespread use of credit cards and checks in the United States has curbed consumer interest in payments through NFC. The survey also showed that a large number of Americans still don't trust the security of their smartphones when they pay. 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