Summary of OMAP, an open multimedia application platform
Texas Instruments' open multimedia application platform OMAP (Open MulTImedia ApplicaTIon Platform) is a high-performance, highly integrated embedded processor developed to meet the new generation of multimedia information processing and third-generation wireless communication applications. Overview of the OMAP platform Today, consumers are increasingly demanding wireless communication services, and pure voice services have been replaced by complex multimedia applications. The development of these multimedia applications will inevitably increase the complexity of signal processing, thereby increasing the complexity of mobile terminal software and hardware and increasing energy consumption. Moreover, while consumers demand better functions of communication products, they also require lower power consumption and smaller size of products. The traditional single-processor solution can no longer meet these processing requirements. In order to solve these contradictions, Texas Instruments (TI) has proposed a good solution, that is, it can expand the open multimedia application platform-OMAP. Since 1998, TI has launched processors such as OMAP310, OMAP710, OMAP1510, OMAP1610, OMAP5910 / 12 and so on. Since the OMAP series processors have always emphasized upward compatibility, the versatility between the series is very strong, the structure does not change much, and the program is easy to transplant. OMAP hardware architecture OMAP software architecture OMAP application Due to OMAP's advanced and unique structure, combined with strong chip computing and processing power and low power consumption, it has obvious advantages in mobile communication and multimedia signal processing. For example, in video processing, when video software encodes and decodes QCIF images at 15f / s at the same time, only 15% of DSP computing power is used. The remaining 85% can still be used for other tasks, such as graphics enhancement, audio playback, and speech recognition.
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This article mainly outlines the OMAP software and hardware structure and application areas.
OMAP seamlessly integrates a software substructure with ARM reduced instruction processor (RISC) as a core on a silicon chip, and a high-performance, ultra-low power TlTMS320C55x series digital signal processor (DSP), and is Both open up a shared storage structure to facilitate data exchange. It can efficiently process multimedia signals and decode data streams in real time. For example, it can process audio streams in MP3 format and video streams in MPEG4 format, while consuming much less power than the best-performing RISC processor. In the OMAP structure, the RISC processor is mainly used to realize the control of the entire system, including running the operating system, interface control, network control and DSP data processing control; the DSP subsystem is mainly used to achieve the high efficiency of various media data Processing, including text, audio, video, etc.
The OMAP software architecture supports advanced operating systems and supports various application development through standard application programming interfaces (APIs). TI's unique DSP / BIOS allows developers to optimize the division of processing tasks between RISC and DSP, and to obtain better performance without increasing power consumption. These unique features allow developers to use OMAP as a single RISC processor.
OMAP uses a unique dual-core structure that combines an ARM processor with strong control and a DSP core with high performance and low power consumption. It is an open and programmable architecture. Taking OMAP5910 as an example, it integrates ARM925 and TMS320C55x processors. For some real-time signals with a large amount of calculation, such as images, video, and audio data, DSP can be used for calculation. For communication, peripheral control and other functions, use ARM core to achieve a good balance between power consumption and complex applications. Using different functions of different cores (ARM and DSP) and hardware accelerators, an algorithm is mapped to the best processor engine according to power consumption or performance requirements, and the corresponding circuit is turned on or off, thereby further saving power. DSP uses complex instructions, which can perform several mathematical operations in a clock cycle, and the UISC structure and instruction set generally only allow one operation per instruction cycle, so DSP processing audio and video streams is much less than the RISC chip clock cycle .
The OMAP5910 hardware platform uses dual-core technology to improve the efficiency of the operating system and optimize the execution of multimedia code. Real-time tasks, such as real-time video communication, are completed by DPS, non-real-time tasks and system control work, and interface interaction, etc. are completed by the ARM core. For example, users can use the application software such as Word and Excel on the operating system at the same time when performing video communication, thus exerting the advantages of DSP and AMR core respectively. Compared with traditional mobile terminals that only use ARM cores or only DSP chips, OMAP successfully achieves the best combination of performance and power consumption.
The two key parts of OMAP5910 chip are TI enhanced ARM925 (TI925T) and TMS320C55x. The working frequency of TMS320C55x is 200MHz. There are 32Kb dual-access DRAM, 48Kb single-access SRAM and 16Kb ROM. It has a high degree of parallel processing, 32-bit read and write, powerful EMIF, dual pipeline independent operation, and dual MAC computing capabilities. It uses three key innovations: increased idle power saving area, variable length instructions, and expanded Parallel mechanism. In addition, the TMS320C55x core adds hardware accelerators for processing motion estimation, discrete cosine transform (DCT), inverse discrete cosine transform (IDCT), and 1/2 pixel interpolation, which reduces the power consumption of video processing. Its structure is highly optimized for multimedia applications. Suitable for low-power real-time voice and image processing. The enhanced ARM925 operates at a frequency of 175MHz, with a 16KB high-speed instruction cache, 8KB high-speed data cache, and 17B write buffer. Both the AMR core and the DSP can access the internal SRAM and external memory interfaces, but the ARM core is the core of the platform. It can access the entire 16MB memory space and the DSP 128KB I / O space.
OMAP is a highly integrated hardware and software application platform that provides system solutions for the wireless market. In a certain sense, OMAP's open software structure is more important to users. It supports a variety of popular embedded operating systems, DSP multimedia component algorithms rich in high-level language programming resources, and can easily implement various application development through application programming interfaces (APIs) and third-party development tools. TI's unique DSP / BIOS bridge allows developers to optimally distribute tasks between RISC and DSP to achieve optimal performance without increasing power consumption. Using the algorithm standard xDAIS, the algorithm can be reused, so that the mature DSP algorithm can be quickly transplanted into different systems.
To simplify software development, the software structure of the DSP is abstracted from the programming environment of the general-purpose processor (GPP). In the OMAP software architecture, this abstraction is achieved by defining an interface that makes GPP the master of the system. The interface consists of a series of APIs including device driver interfaces. It provides a communication mechanism that enables GPP applications to complete tasks such as initialization, controlling DSP tasks, exchanging information with the DSP, receiving or sending data streams to the DSP, and querying status. On the GPP side, it supports almost all mobile terminal operating systems, including WindowsCE, Symbian, EPOC, palm OS, Linux, Nucleus, etc., providing a development environment similar to Java. The interface between the resource manager and the DSP is the only way to load, initialize and run the DSP application. Through the resource manager interface, the GPP application calls the DSP function functions as if it were called locally. The DSP side supports TI-based eXPressDSP real-time software technology, including DSP / BIOS real-time kernel, DSP algorithm standards for internal operations and reuse, and third-party software modules. The existing algorithm library optimized for video and image tasks also contributes to the development of multimedia modules. Developers can easily obtain DSP acceleration algorithms through easy-to-use advanced application program interfaces. In addition, the same API set can be run on various OMAP platforms, thereby promoting the reuse of code and applying the same software to devices in different target markets. It can be seen that this software architecture allows developers to use C language programming on the GPP operating system without directly facing the underlying hardware, and allows developers to easily use standard DSP algorithms without having to understand the DSP in depth You can use DSP to speed up signal processing tasks, realize multimedia, voice, security or other functions, so as to give full play to the performance of OMAP processor.
The architecture can implement scalable asymmetric multiprocessing technology on DSP (TMS320C55x) and GPP (TI-enhaneed ARM925). Among them, the GPP operating system can achieve the same function as the RISC processor alone: ​​DSP and GPP are independent of each other, running the DSP / BIOS real-time kernel; through the DSP / BIOS bridge, the RISC processor can intensively process signal processing and other Tasks are scheduled to run asynchronously to the DSP. With optimized low-level software, DSP can perform these signal processing tasks with lower power consumption, thereby extending battery life and reducing product size.
With the advancement of technology, OMAP will be widely used in mobile communication and multimedia signal processing.