Electrical appliance industry import and export characteristics and issues needing attention

According to customs statistics, in the first half of 2011, the import and export of the electrical industry was US$66,325 million, an increase of 21.25% over the same period of 2010 (including the same period of the previous year), of which imports were US$26,448 million, a year-on-year increase of 17.84%; exports were US$39.878 billion, a year-on-year increase of 23.62%. The import and export surplus is 13.43 billion U.S. dollars. (Above are statistics by China Machinery Industry Federation, the same below).

I. Characteristics of Imports and Exports in the First Half of the Year 1. Imports grew rapidly, creating a new high of the same period in the calendar year. Imports in the first half of the industry totaled 26.448 billion U.S. dollars, up from US$22.445 billion in the first half of 2010, and more than US$4.003 billion. More fierce.

Among the main products, the fastest-growing imports were gas turbines, with 10 imported, totaling US$33.535 million, an increase of 72.97% year-over-year; followed by various generators, imported 10908 units, and US$111 million, up 55.88% year-on-year; again, power electronics Components, imports of 3.038 billion US dollars, an increase of 41.79%; other electric tools, imports 42.717 million US dollars, an increase of 34.15%. The year-on-year import growth also included steam boilers (29.9%), transformers and transformers (8.25%), high- and medium-voltage switches (21.87%), small and medium-sized motors (31.74%), differential motors (19.1%), and low-voltage electrical appliances (15.78%). ), low-voltage switch cabinets (26.19%), wire and cable (18.1%), internal combustion generators (11.48), steam turbines (1.66%) and so on.

There were two kinds of products with a year-on-year decrease in imports: storage batteries (down 16.64%) and turbines (down 98.88%).

2. The rapid growth of exports has also created a record high for the first half of the same period in the first half of the year. The export value of the whole industry for the first half of the year was 39.878 billion U.S. dollars, which was higher than the highest ever figure of USD 32.259 billion in the first half of 2010, and still more than 7.619 billion U.S. dollars. The situation is very good. Among the major products, with the exception of turbine exports, which fell by 21.68% year-on-year, the growth rate was generally rapid. The fastest year-on-year export of gas turbines was the export of nine turbines, US$17.76 million, which was a 12-fold year-on-year increase; followed by steam boilers, with exports of 1,724 units, US$175 million, a year-on-year increase of 53.84%; again, various generators, exports, 39.5 Million units, 311 million US dollars, an increase of 39.12%. Other fast-growing countries included the low-voltage switchgear cabinet exports of US$1.515 billion, an increase of 34.63% year-on-year, and the exports of small and medium-sized motors of US$1.873 billion, a year-on-year increase of 31.54%. Exports also increased year-on-year: turbines (21.23%), transformers and transformers (10.07%), high- and medium-voltage switches (20.71%), power electronic components (25.69%), differential motors (15.08%), low-voltage electrical appliances (25.31) %), power tools (22.23%), wire and cable (20.61%), batteries (20.68%), internal combustion generators (17.55%), etc.

On the whole, the import and export of the whole industry continued to show steady and rapid development. What is outstanding is the rapid growth of the import and export of small and medium-sized generators. Imports and exports of power electronic components are very large, all of which are more than US$3 billion.

Second, several issues that require attention Since the beginning of this year, the world economy has been in a recovery phase after the financial crisis. Countries have adopted a series of effective measures, the pace of economic growth has gradually recovered, and the demand in the international market has increased. At the 109th Canton Fair held in China in April this year, the turnover of mechanical and electrical products increased by 24.4% over the last year's Spring Fair. Among them, the turnover to the European Union, the United States, and the BRIC countries accounted for more than 60%, especially with Brazil's turnover increased by approximately 1.8 times. The volume of transactions with the United States increased by 77.6% and the development momentum was very good. At the same time, various emergencies, especially the political turmoil in some countries in West Asia and North Africa, the earthquake, tsunami and nuclear disaster in Japan, the continuation of the sovereign debt crisis in some European countries, and the ultra-loose liquidity in the United States, have contributed to the world economy. The prospects for recovery have added new uncertainties, have also had a major impact on the international financial and commodity markets, and have directly pushed up international commodity prices. This has not only increased the already high inflationary pressures in emerging economies and developing countries, The developed economies feel inflationary pressures.

This year marks the beginning of China's "Twelfth Five-Year Plan". In the first half of the year, the country's investment in fixed assets rose by 25.6% year-on-year, of which the machinery industry increased by 41.77% year-on-year. The market demand for electrical products and imports and exports will maintain rapid growth. At the same time, the appreciation of the renminbi, the rise in prices of some raw materials, rising labor costs, rising interest rates on bank loans, and the rise of trade protectionism in some countries will all cause difficulties for export companies and affect the development of export trade.

The current electrical industry import and export need to pay attention to the following four issues:

1. Adjustment and optimization of export product structure Among the electrical products exported by China, labor-intensive products and low-value-added products account for a large proportion. In recent years, the structure of export products has improved, and the technical content of export products has increased. However, the gap is still large and needs constant adjustment and optimization.

First, we must adapt to changes in the international market demand and adjust the structure of export products. After the international financial crisis, various countries have adopted a series of corresponding measures. The international market demand structure has undergone some changes. The relevant export companies must adapt to this change and adjust the product structure in a timely manner in accordance with the needs of users and provide good services.

Second, as domestic companies change their development methods, they adjust the progress of their product mix, promptly optimize the structure of their export products, and increase the technological content of their exports.

Continue to promote the transformation and upgrading of processing trade, especially the power tools, low-voltage electrical appliances, motors, wire and cable and other products need to speed up the upgrading, will be one of the OEM products into their own brands, improve product coverage.

Again, gradually reduce the export of "two high and one capital" products, such as castings, forgings, and steel structures.

2. Efforts should be made to avoid the continuous appreciation of the exchange rate risk of the renminbi in the export trade, which has caused great difficulties for the export enterprises. It is necessary to find effective ways to avoid exchange rate risks. The People's Bank of China and other departments have issued a "Notice on Relevant Issues Concerning the Expanding of the Pilot Project for RMB Settlements in Cross-Border Trade", which has had a positive effect. The Bank of China announced on July 7 that since the beginning of this year, the total amount of domestic and foreign cross-border trade settlements of RMB has exceeded 840 billion yuan, which is much higher than the volume of business last year. This measure is to avoid exchange rate risk, reduce dependence on the US dollar, and avoid a reliable way to cause losses to the exporters due to the appreciation of the renminbi.

According to statistics, by the end of 2010, more than 67,000 pilot enterprises for cross-border trade RMB settlement have been implemented. Export enterprises should actively strive for inclusion in the pilot list, and work closely with customers to select strong banks and actively promote RMB settlement.

As most of the current RMB settlement amount is imported goods, the share of export goods is relatively small, and there is a clear “unbalanced” phenomenon. To this end, the People's Bank of China announced on June 21 this year the "Notice on Clear Issues Related to Cross-border Renminbi Business", which formally clarified the pilot measures for foreign direct investment in RMB settlement business. The “Notice” pointed out that overseas participating banks should track the flow of funds after customers buy and sell RMB, conduct more detailed reviews on new customers and transactions with large amounts, and should pay attention to monitoring abnormal transactions to prevent potential arbitrage.

3. In the face of a large number of imports, it is necessary to seize opportunities and increase the capacity for independent innovation. The annual import volume of the electrical industry is large. In 2010, it imported 49.2 billion U.S. dollars, ranking the first among all industries in the machinery industry. Among them, low-voltage electrical appliances were US$10.8 billion, electrical and electronic components were US$4.67 billion, wire and cable were US$4.17 billion, motors were US$3.3 billion, low-voltage switchboards were US$3.03 billion, transformers and transformers were US$2.57 billion, and high and medium voltage switches were US$600 million. In the first half of this year, imports continued to grow at a faster rate, which caused great pressure on domestic electrical appliance companies. Domestic enterprises must seize opportunities, meet challenges and improve their independent innovation capabilities.

On April 29, 2011, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance, and the Ministry of Commerce issued the Catalogue of Encouraged Import Technologies and Products (2011 Edition), and a group of high-tech electrical equipment countries gave policy support for interest subsidy (according to the one-year bank loan interest rate). . At the same time, since the implementation of the "Cross-Strait Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement," electric motors and other electrical products have enjoyed preferential tariff treatment from Taiwan, plus the appreciation of the renminbi to reduce import costs. These factors will surely further expand imports.

To this end, relevant enterprises must, on the one hand, make full use of the state's policy of encouraging imports and introduce the necessary advanced technologies and equipment. At the same time, we must pay attention to the introduction of technology to absorb and re-innovation work. Independent innovation does not mean that everything should be developed from scratch. With the globalization of economy and the rapid development of science and technology, it is impossible for any country to independently develop technology in all fields and close its doors to engage in independent innovation. In this sense, it is very important to pay attention to the introduction, absorption and re-innovation of imported technologies.

Through the import of technologically advanced equipment, conducting analysis and research, in the process of digestion and absorption, we will simultaneously improve and innovate, gradually form our own intellectual property rights, improve our ability of independent innovation, research and develop new products with independent intellectual property rights, and strive to improve our competitiveness. .

4. "Going out" to increase international operations According to the UN Organization for Development, China's total foreign investment has risen from the 12th in the world in 2008 to the 6th in 2009. It is expected that the ranking will increase in 2010. Has entered the phase of rapid growth in overseas investment. At present, relevant state departments are formulating relevant laws and regulations to promote the ease of offshore investment. In recent years, some powerful enterprises in China have achieved practical results in carrying out international operations, and some are gradually establishing global sales service outlets, creating very good conditions for further expanding exports. We must continue to encourage more qualified companies to “go global” to invest in factories and factories, or to enter into joint ventures or cooperation with local companies, or to merge and acquire foreign companies with advanced manufacturing technologies, and create conditions to gradually transfer advanced technologies to domestic enterprises. In the production of products, this will promote the adjustment and upgrading of the product structure of our country's enterprises.