The latest construction of theater lighting fixtures for power distribution and tanning
1 All kinds of equipment, especially the sound control room, lamp control room, conference central control host and other important equipment should be done with work grounding, safety protection grounding, shielding grounding, etc. When the grounding is common, the grounding resistance should not exceed 1Ω, the control system should Set SPD anti-surge protection. The personnel in the venue is dense, and the distribution line should use low-smoke and halogen-free flame-retardant cables. 2 stage machinery 2.1 on-board equipment a. Rigid fire curtain. Due to various performance auxiliary props during the stage performance, it is inevitable to involve flames, high-heating equipment, and a large number of lights on the stage, high-temperature heat source appliances, etc. In severe cases, there will be fires. In order to prevent the spread of smoke and flame to the audience area, evacuate the audience in time, and set up a safety fire curtain wall at the stage entrance to effectively isolate the stage from the audience area. The fire curtain is a rigid structure with fireproof cotton inside and double-sided covering flame retardant material. The power system is about 3kW electric winch, which is powered by the fire-fighting equipment for the first-level load, and the double-power double-circuit end is switched. During the operation, the stroke and limit protection are set. On-site manual and fire center linkage. b. Split-type uniform telescopic curtain. It is a device that separates the performance area from the audience area when changing scenes during the performance. The large screen frame is fixed on the upper edge of the table, and the frame is suspended on the stretcher. The power unit is a 1.1kW motor, which is driven by a belt. When the speed is low, it is a chain drive. It requires stepless speed regulation and low noise operation. The control method is automatic or manual control. c. Two curtains. A device used to replace a scene during a performance. It can be opened or pulled up and down. The power unit is driven by a 3.3 kW motor, and the control system is set to start, stop and limit control. d. Electric boom machine. It is a mechanical equipment used extensively on the stage. It is used for the front-end conference sign suspension of the Taikou, the stage curtain lifting, the high-altitude performance during the performance, and the professional lighting equipment suspension. The number of boom machines depends on the complexity of the show, typically 30 to 50 tracks. Driven by the hoist, the total motor power is about 33 ~ 55kW. The upper and lower limits of the boom stroke range, the limit stroke protection, for high-performance performance should also consider the use of variable frequency speed control, to achieve variable speed lifting, multi-group crane The rod can be automatically programmed by PLC or professional intelligent controller to meet different plot requirements. e. Stage equipment driving. It is used to load and unload stage sets and props equipment. It can be moved vertically, parallelly in the up, down and plane. The driving method is wire rope hoisting mechanism. According to the load requirements, the motor power is about 33kW. f. The remaining auxiliary equipment. Includes a light cage with cable storage and release, and a wide screen frame that is manipulated by the movie studio for film playback. Such devices are mostly driven by electric motors, with a total power of about 100 kW, requiring low speed and low noise, and can be manually and remotely controlled on site. 2.2 understage machinery Most of the understage machinery are mechanical equipment with large load, high displacement precision and large electric power, mainly including main lifting platform, side stage car platform, lifting music pool, lifting railing, rear platform, vehicle turntable and side platform auxiliary lifting platform. According to the actual meeting and performance function requirements and investment plan, the venue can reasonably choose various under-the-counter mechanical equipment. Most of these devices use independent distribution boxes, manual control plus computer programming control. a. Main lifting platform. It is an important part of the stage machinery and generally consists of 5 lifting platforms. Each block can be lifted separately, or it can be preset and programmed to move up and down. It can form 6 steps on the stage, and a total of rows of seats can be arranged as a large conference podium. The lifting platform can flexibly change the stage form to make the stage look colorful. It adopts mechanical drive and the electric power is about 200kW. It is required to set up independent distribution box and control cabinet. The lifting platform should realize stepless speed regulation, slow start and slow braking. Smooth operation and low noise. Controlled by a central console, real-time dynamic monitoring, programmed speed, and travel positioning. b. Lifting the music pool. A total of three elevations are set, and when it is lowered to the lowest point, as a band playing place, when it rises to the auditorium level, it can be used as a seat in the audience area, and when it is raised to the stage level, the stage area can be expanded to meet various functional requirements. The music pool has a large load and is driven by machinery. The electric power is about 22~33kW. It is required to set up independent distribution box and control cabinet, frequency control, stable lifting and low noise. c. Lifting railings. Used in conjunction with the lift pool, the control principle is logical interlocking. When the music pool is lowered to the lowest level for band performance use, the railings automatically rise to close the gap to protect the audience. It adopts mechanical drive and the motor power is about 5.5kW. It is equipped with an independent distribution box, which shares the control cabinet with the lifting pool and is grouped and operated. d. Side deck. It is used for setting props and actors in the horizontal direction, scheduling, mechanical driving, motor power 33kW, AC frequency control, slow start, slow braking, and programmable control to meet the multi-car synchronous operation. e. Rear platform / turntable. Set at the rear of the stage, it can be moved and rotated in the foreground. It is the main means of large-scale scene props and actors transportation during the performance. It adopts mechanical drive, electric power 20kW, AC frequency conversion speed regulation, slow start, slow braking, low noise operation, multiple groups. Limit interlocking. f. Other ancillary facilities. It includes side compensation station, rear compensation table and auxiliary lifting platform to make up for the gap formed by the main mechanical equipment such as main lifting platform and turntable. This kind of auxiliary platform is mechanically driven, and the total power of the motor is 100kW. It is controlled manually and controlled by the main computer. 2.3 control method a. Manual control. Manual/automatic transfer switches are provided in the main console for various electrically driven mechanical devices. When manual is selected, the device can be started, forward, reverse, stopped, etc. directly through the button, including some simple stroke setting, speed setting, running status display, etc. Manual control is often seen in computer control. A method of control when a fault occurs or when there is a special need. b. Computer control. The console is equipped with a control host, and a variety of control components such as a frequency conversion speed control device, a stroke positioning switch, and a contactor are used to perform single operation control on various stage mechanical equipments, and pre-programmed with different conferences and performance requirements to realize grouping operation control. Scene memory operation control. The system has the functions of automatic inspection, fault alarm, operation record and fault record, and can simulate and monitor in real time through the computer interface. In order to ensure the stability and reliability of the system, the input mode of the control signal is directly input by means of a button. Programs such as running position, running speed, and grouping mode of various controlled devices can be preset at the main console. The running status of the corresponding device is displayed in a light or analog graphic. The computer control system has the functions of single control, group control, programming operation, automatic memory and real-time display, and is the main control means of the stage machinery and equipment. In addition to the dedicated loop power supply, the control system should also be equipped with UPS uninterruptible power supply. 3 stage lighting Stage lighting should meet the needs of official formal meetings, special forums, speeches, academic seminars, large-scale cultural performances, and special professional performances. Large-scale stage lighting is a first-class load. Due to the large use of dimming equipment, the third harmonic component is serious, which will affect the electronic components of conference systems, audio and video systems, etc., so special transformers should be configured, especially for harmonics. A filter should also be provided in the distribution circuit. According to the requirements of different use areas and grouping effects, the stage lighting should adopt flexible branching mode, arrange enough loops, cooperate with the lighting control center with powerful editing function and flexible control mode, adopt network technology to realize remote monitoring and real-time inspection. Fault display, effect simulation and other functions, the system should be left with appropriate redundancy, as the expansion control of the professional performance group with its own lighting equipment. 3.1 Lighting circuit division According to the needs of the stage, the lamps are arranged in accordance with the principle of scientific and reasonable design. The lighting circuit is designed. Generally, there are 600~800 dimming circuits and 80~120 direct distribution circuits (for non-dimmable lamps such as gas discharge lamps). . Each line of power is generally no more than 5kW, equipped with 1024 channel dimming station. Specifically divided into: a. face light, the front light of the front half of the stage, as the basic lighting, including loop reservation, set dimming circuit 64, direct circuit 8 way. b. The outer ear light is divided into left and right directions. As the main means of modeling, 36 channels of dimming circuit and 6 channels of direct circuit are provided in each direction. c. Taikou foot light and music pool lighting set up 24 channels of dimming circuit, direct circuit 10 way. d. Sidelights include sidelights on the side of the mouth, sidelights on the side of the bridge, and sidelights on the ground. They are mainly used for stage performance lighting. According to the number of lighting hangers and the requirements of the performance lighting, 128 dimming circuits are generally provided, and the direct circuit 16 In order to increase the grouping function and create rich and varied performances and lighting effects, the sidelight system should reserve 20% of the number of circuits for the performance group to bring their own lights. e. The top light is set at the top of the stage, and can be lighted inward, outward or vertically. Generally, 10 light sticks are provided. Each boom is equipped with a dimming circuit. In addition, each pole should be equipped with spare. Distribution circuit (without dimming) 4 channels, used as a special effect lighting fixture. f. The skylight is mainly used as background lighting. Generally, there are 64 dimming circuits and 8 direct circuits. 3.2 Light source and lamp selection The average illuminance of the stage during the performance is not less than 1500lx, and the color rendering index Ra>90. When used for the conference function, the average illuminance of the podium is not less than 1000 lx, and the color rendering index Ra>85. The light source is mostly quartz halogen tungsten bulb or compact. Fluorescent tube, color temperature is generally 3200K, color temperature of chasing light is 5600K. Commonly used lamps include high-efficiency imaging lamp (750W/branch), zoom imaging spotlight (2000W/branch), aspherical plano-convex spotlight (1000W/branch), threaded lens spotlight (1500W/branch), ultra-long-range spotlight (2000 W/branch) , follow-up light (1000W / support), high-efficiency backlight (2000W / support), multi-head border light (250W / support), heaven and earth soft light (1500W / support), film floodlights (1250W / support), Professional lamps such as audience lights (650W120V/support), computer lights, and tri-color soft lights. The luminaire should have precise optical performance, quick start, stability, high efficiency and energy saving, high strength, high temperature resistance, long life and good safety. The conference-specific lamps above the rostrum should be explosion-proof, and cold light sources should be used as much as possible. 3.3 Lighting control and dimming system Modern song and dance dramas, concerts and large conferences are increasingly demanding lighting. In order to achieve reliable, fast, flexible, group switching lighting control functions, the system mainly uses all-digital network dimming station, including dimming output, direct output, using the main network lighting workstation, providing powerful grouping and control functions, preset The lighting control program for storing multiple sets of programs has good opening and expanding functions. The stage lighting control room is equipped with network lighting workstation, main and auxiliary dimming station, computer lighting console. The control room is generally arranged in the back area of ​​the theater (second floor), with direct observation window, monitoring the actual scene of the stage, requiring room ventilation. For heat dissipation, a gas fire extinguishing device should be arranged. Due to the use of a large number of dimming circuits, the thyristor room should be set in the area where the luminaire is concentrated, and the power distribution cabinet, thyristor cabinet, etc. should be installed inside, and the room should be provided with forced cooling equipment. In the networked lighting control system room, it is generally equipped with network equipment such as network switches, signal amplifiers, and distributors. Therefore, the UPS uninterruptible power supply should be considered. In addition to providing a distribution circuit for the luminaires used, multi-channel lighting backup power should be provided in the stage area, each with 50 kW (three-phase 125A). It is mainly set up in three groups on the left and right sides of the main stage, one set in the skylight area, one set in the back stage, and one set of each floor. The lighting control room should also control the lighting in the venue, and prepare various lighting modes according to different scene requirements. The lighting controller can be installed separately or controlled by the stage lighting network.
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