Electronic lock principle and composition and application of electronic lock

Electronic lock is an electronic product that controls the operation of a circuit or chip (access control system) through a password input, thereby controlling the closing of a mechanical switch, and completing the tasks of unlocking and locking. Now the widely used electronic door lock is based on the chip and is realized through programming. The main components are: MCU, clock, keyboard, LCD display, memory, demodulator, line multiplexing and monitoring, A / D conversion, buzzer and other units.

There are many types of electronic locks, ranging from simple circuit products to high-cost products based on chips. Now the widely used electronic combination lock is based on the chip and realized by programming. Electronic locks in the field of security technology prevention, electronic combination locks with anti-theft alarm function replace traditional mechanical combination locks, overcoming the shortcomings of mechanical combination locks with less passwords and poor security performance, making the combination locks technically and Both have greatly improved one step.

At present, many electronic locks are based on the 51 series single-chip microcomputer (AT89051), equipped with corresponding hardware circuits, complete the setting, storage, identification and display of the password, drive the electromagnetic actuator and detect the drive current value, and receive the sensor. Alarm signal, send data and other functions.

The single-chip computer accepts the entered code and compares it with the password stored in the EEPROM. If the password is correct, the electromagnetic actuator is driven to unlock; if the password is incorrect, the operator is allowed to input the password from the beginning, up to three times; If it is not correct, the MCU will alarm the intelligent monitor through the communication line. The single-chip microcomputer sends each unlocking operation and the current value of the drive current of the electromagnetic actuator as status information to the intelligent monitor, and also sends the alarm information from the sensor interface to the intelligent monitor as a basis for intelligent analysis.

Wireless electronic locks. Non-door lock type electronic locks can be mainly used in logistics transportation, warehousing, fresh milk delivery vehicles, banknote delivery vehicles, refrigerated vehicles, medicine delivery, tobacco delivery and other delivery areas. For example, it is used in the door of cash transport trucks, manhole covers of special vehicles and warehouse doors to ensure the safety of the goods transported or guarded, and to avoid theft. The electronic lock uses a mechanical lock body to contact the Internet of Things. The lock body has a built-in wireless transceiver module. When the lock body is opened and closed, the wireless transceiver module transmits the open and closed lock signals to the monitoring host for a long distance. If the unlocking signal received by the monitoring host appears in an abnormal period, the signal is judged as a stolen and prying signal, and the monitoring host immediately generates an alarm message so that the relevant personnel can take timely measures to avoid financial loss.

The core components of the electronic lock: motherboard, clutch, fingerprint collector, password technology, microprocessor (CPU), intelligent emergency key. As a fingerprint lock, the most important thing should be the algorithm chip, that is, the heart is better, and your mechanical part is done well. If the degree of false recognition is high, anyone's fingerprint can be opened, then what use?

Secondly, no matter what the lock, its essence is still a mechanical product. Fingerprint lock is a model of using modern high-tech to transform traditional industries. Its core technology is first and foremost the grasp of mechanical technology. Mechanical technology mainly consists of the following five aspects:

1. The reasonable design of the front and rear panels, that is, the appearance, is a sign that is significantly different from similar products. The more important internal structural layout directly determines the stability and function of the product. This process involves multiple links such as design, mold making, and surface treatment. Therefore, manufacturers with more styles have relatively stronger development and design capabilities and better stability.

2. Lock body. That is the mother of the lock tongue that can be connected to the door. The quality of the lock body directly determines the life of the product. This is the most core technology in mechanical technology, the lifeblood of fingerprint locks, and the most difficult problem in the industry. 95% of existing production units cannot solve this problem, mainly through outsourcing. Powerful manufacturers have the ability to design and develop locks by themselves. Therefore, the lock body is the core component that truly reflects the manufacturer's technical level, and is also the core technology of the entire fingerprint lock.

3. Motor. The motor is the drive. Just like the driver software of a computer. It is a connecting device of electronics and machinery. The center of power conversion plays an important role in linking up and down. If the motor stops working or obstructs, the lock will automatically open and cannot be locked.

4. Fingerprint module and application system. This is the basis of the electronic part. The fingerprint module has almost the same function as its peers. It mainly depends on the chip and algorithm.

LCD screen

The operation of the LCD monitor is more convenient and simple, making the fingerprint lock smarter. Configuring LCD is not a simple accumulation of materials, but also involves the rational design of software and circuit systems. In general, the use of this technology is just like the replacement of mechanical locks by fingerprint locks. It is the inevitable development of technology and market!

chip

At present, China has successfully developed a DSP fingerprint lock professional processing chip, and domestic manufacturers burn algorithm software; most fingerprint lock manufacturers use domestic fingerprint algorithm chips.

sensor

Fingerprint sensors are mainly optical sensors and semiconductor sensors,

Fingerprint module and password module.

After years of development, smart locks have different development trajectories under different application environments in different industries, and the matching key and management software functions are also more detailed.

1. In the power industry, taking the substation as an example, it has gradually developed into a five-proof system, which has become a terminal for preventing misoperation. Its main function is to regulate the operation authority and prevent safety accidents. Another application in the power industry is various measurement cabinets. The measurement security guarantee is an intelligent requirement to prevent illegal opening of measurement instruments and theft of electricity.

2. The communication industry is mainly used in optical transfer boxes and other cabinets. Its role is to strengthen management, cooperate with smart keys and management software, introduce efficient management of a large number of transfer boxes, and clarify responsibilities. Unlocking is well documented.

3. In the process of special transportation, precious or dangerous goods transportation, in order to avoid the disadvantages of traditional locks and keys that are easily opened by technology, passive smart locks can be added.

Relevant data shows that currently 60% -70% of household lock cylinders still use the marble lock cylinders popular in the 1990s. Because they have been circulating in the market for more than ten years, the internal structure and unlocking principle have been well understood by thieves. The technical unlocking time is also from a few minutes to the current few seconds. Such a lock is useless in front of the thief, which brings serious security risks to the family. Coupled with the prevalence of tin foil unlocking technology in recent years, it has added to the safety hazards of homes. The low-level anti-theft performance of traditional locks has been unable to meet the anti-theft needs of modern homes. The development of smart locks is the general trend. In today's society, science and technology are the core and intelligence is the trend. The intelligence and convenience of home are the mainstream of life. Smart products are everywhere. Smart buildings, smart homes, and smart transportation have gradually penetrated into people's lives. The door locks used for anti-theft have also changed across the times. Among them, the emergence of smart locks is more To a certain extent, it has changed people's cognition of locks and their habit of using locks.

Compared with traditional mechanical locks, smart locks are safer and more convenient. Like Hengwei's smart door locks, it can also integrate functions such as false passwords, anti-theft alarms, and smart homes to provide multiple protections against theft. For example, when a thief cannot open a door with a fake fingerprint and wants to break in, Hengwei Smart Lock can automatically activate the anti-theft alarm function to notify the owner or community security. In addition, it can also be linked with a smart home. When a thief climbs in from a window, it will touch the smart home device connected to the smart lock, which will trigger an alarm.

For young people, it is unavoidable to carry a bunch of heavy and messy keys when going out, and the emergence of smart locks is the rescue for them. Without the drag of the keys, they can party, play, and shop as much as they want. After a hard day, they do n’t have to carry big bags at the door of the house and have to rush through the keys. In addition, with the smart lock, young people who like nightlife can easily and freely enter the home no matter how late they come back, without disturbing their families. In addition, some smart lock management systems can solve the problem of personnel management for the user for the first time. For example, when the nanny at home resigns, as long as her fingerprint is deleted, she can no longer open the door. The safety, convenience and anti-theft features of smart locks meet the needs of the public and are increasingly recognized as an effective landing method in the era of smart homes. In the future, smart locks will become a trend, entering the homes of ordinary people.

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